Unfortunately, not (at least not easily).
If you disabled the thumbnails and used only the main images, then only one main image would be displayed at any one time (although you could overlay the captions on top of the images and associate a unique link to each image).
If you hid the main images (it is not possible to disable them via configuration options), then although you could size the thumbnails as you like and display several in a row, it would not be possible to overlay the captions on top of the thumbnails (you would need to make the text part of the images themselves) and it would also not be possible to link thumbnails to different web pages. (When a thumbnail is clicked, the corresponding main image is displayed in the gallery.)

You could try something like the following (using the Juicebox-Pro API and knowledge of the internal classes of Juicebox) to open an image's linkURL when the corresponding thumbnail is clicked.
However, Juicebox was not designed to do this and a couple of small delays are necessary to get this to work.
You would also need to hide the main images via CSS.

<script type="text/javascript" src="jbcore/juicebox.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var jb = new juicebox({
        containerId: "juicebox-container"
    });
    jb.onInitComplete = function() {
        window.setTimeout(function() {
            $('.jb-idx-thumb').click(function() {
                window.setTimeout(function() {
                    var index = jb.getImageIndex();
                    var info = jb.getImageInfo(index);
                    var url = info.linkURL;
                    window.open(url);
                }, 500);
            });
        }, 500);
    };
</script>

I hope this points you in the right direction but please note that Juicebox was not designed to do this so getting it working exactly as you want it to might be quite tricky.